Dairy Goats
Table of Contents
- Getting Started in Dairy Goat Farming and Milk Production
- Goat Feeding and Nutrition
- Goat Herd Health and Biosecurity
- Goat Herd Management
- Goat Housing and Environment
- Goat Milk Quality, Milk Sampling and Testing and Milking Equipment Maintenance
- Barn Fire Resources
- Farm Safety Resources
- Goat Business Information Bundle
Getting Started in Dairy Goat Farming and Milk Production
Are you interested in starting a dairy goat farm? Getting Started Producing Goat Milk outlines the steps to become a registered goat milk producer that can ship Grade A milk.
The Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA) is responsible for inspecting dairy goat farms. Dairy Goat Farm Production Requirements is a guide for producing safe, high-quality milk in Ontario. Goat milk is regulated by the Milk Act, which means all regulatory requirements must be met to ship milk.
Whether you currently own farmland, or are looking to purchase, rent or lease acreage, starting a new farm business requires planning. Visit our Starting a Farm in Ontario web page for more information.
We have many resources to help you with raising healthy goats and producing high-quality, healthy milk:
- Goat Milk Quality, Milk Sampling and Testing and Milking Equipment Maintenance
- Goat Herd Management
- Goat Health and Biosecurity
- Goat Feeding and Nutrition
- Goat Housing and Environment
- When to contact your OMAFRA Raw Milk Specialist?
- Dairy Goat Digest
Ontario Goat has numerous resources on their website, including:
- So You Want to be a Goat Farmer
- Facts and Figures about Canadian Goat Farming
- Cost of Production
- Buying Goats
- Selling Goats
Visit the Ontario Goat website to see all of the resources they have available.
Dairy Goat Housing and Environment
Barn and pen design are key factors in providing an environment for your dairy goats that promotes optimal milk production, good animals welfare and labour efficiency. The following section covers barn construction, pest control, nutrient and manure management.
Barn Construction:
- Constructing a Farm Building in Ontario (Order No. 07-007)
- Engineering
- Stray Voltage Problems in Livestock Production
Pest Control:
- Fly Control Strategies on Dairy Goat Farms
- Rodent Control in Livestock and Poultry Facilities (Order No. 13-057)
Nutrient & Manure Management:
- Nutrient Management Act and Regulations
- Environmental Management
- Canada-Ontario Environmental Farm Plan
- Nutrient Management
- Goat Nutrient Management Calculator
Ontario Goat has numerous resources on their website, including:
Abattoirs:
External Links:
- The Farming And Food Production Protection Act (FFPPA) and Nuisance Complaints (Order No. 05-013)
- Acts and Regulations Legislation Affecting the Ontario Livestock Industry
- Agricultural Business Management
- Animal Density Maps for Canada - University of Manitoba
- Sheep and Goat Management in Alberta
Dairy Goat Herd Management
In this section you will find information on dairy goat reproductive management, milking herd management, genetics, kid rearing and business management. Keeping accurate records will help improve overall production and will help you make better decisions for your operation. OMAFRA's Kidding Diary and Dairy Goat Management Journal are two free resources that can help you with recordkeeping.
Business Management:
Kid Rearing:
Milking Herd Management:
- Body Condition Scoring in Dairy Goats
- Impact of Production, Nutrition and Cold Weather on Body Condition
Reproduction Management:
- Controlled Reproduction for Off Season Milk Production
- Reproduction News: Kidding Rates of Goats Affected by Low Body Energy Reserves
Ontario Goat has numerous resources on their website, including:
- Colostrum Management for Commercial Goat Production
- Summary of Success From the Start: Colostrum Management for Commercial Goat Production
- Summary of Success From the Start: Kid Management for Commercial Goat Production
- Record Keeping
- Out of Season Breeding
- Kidding Due Date Calculator
- Ontario Goat Cost of Production
External Links:
- Cornell University Kidding with Confidence
- eXtension.org Goat Resource Page
- Langston University Body Condition Scoring
- Maryland Small Ruminant Page
Goat Feeding and Nutrition
The feeding and nutrition of the herd is critical to the overall success of your operation regardless if you're producing milk products, meat or fibre. The information below will help you :
- The Nutrition of the Young Goat: Birth to Breeding web page has information to help you make feeding decisions based on the type of goats you are raising.
- OMAFRA Forages and Pastures web page has information on different types of pastures, including storage, weeds and economics.
- Feed Analysis Reports Explained webpage has useful information on how to read feed analysis to utilize feed to their full potential.
- Raising Dairy Goat Buck Kids factsheet can help you raise and market healthy buck kids.
Feed Analysis:
- Nutrient Testing (Order No. 03-007)
- Feed Analysis Reports Explained (Order No. 16-049)
- Faba Beans as Protein in Livestock Feed (Order No. 16-057)
- Comparative Feed Values for Ruminants (Order No. 03-005)
- Definitions of Feed Manufacturing and Livestock Nutrition Terms (Order No. 08-139)
- Potential Feeding Challenges that May Arise from Dry Weather Conditions
- Variability Of Nutrient Content In Feed Ingredients - What Effect it has on Nutrient Output (Order No. 04-005)
Corn Silage:
- Beware of Nitrates in Corn Silage
- Drought Damaged Corn Silage
- Harvest season - what to consider when selecting corn silage hybrids
- Ideas on Dry Corn Silage
- Ideas for Dealing With Heavy Corn Silage Feeding
- Nitrate Poisoning and Feeding Nitrate Feeds to Livestock
- The Ethanol Boom
- When a Bunker is Better
Molds and Mycotoxins:
- Beware of Mycotoxins in Feed
- Laboratories Offering Mycotoxin Analysis
- Molds and Mycotoxins - Sampling Feeds to Test for Mycotoxins
- Molds and Mycotoxins - Alleviating Mold and Mycotoxin Problems
- Molds and Mycotoxins - Mycotoxin Levels and Interpretation
- Molds and Mycotoxins - Feeding Mold and Mycotoxin Contaminated Wheat to Ruminants
Water Quality:
- Water Requirements of Livestock (Order No. 07-023)
Ontario Goat has numerous resources on their website, including:
Feed case studies:
- Complete Pellet Feeds at Bushwalker Farm Ltd.
- Total Mixed Rations at Roos Dairy Goats
- Implementing Partial Mixed Rations at Sunny Day Acres
- Implementing Component Feeding for Meat Production with the Vingerhoeds Family
Nutrition:
Visit the Ontario Goat website to see all of the resources they have available.
Goat Milk Quality, Milk Sampling and Testing and Milking Equipment Maintenance
Producing high quality milk is crucial to maintaining a high quality end product (e.g. cheese) and consumer confidence. On this page you will find resources that relate to maintaining milk quality, milk sampling and testing, and milking equipment maintenance.
Milk Quality
There are few key aspects to maintaining milk quality which include low bacterial counts, preventing antibiotic residues, and proper milking procedures.
- Keeping Milk Bacteria Counts Low
- Milking Procedure Tips
- Improving Milk Quality with Udder Preparation for Goats
- The Importance of Water Quality to Your Bottom Line
- Troubleshooting Antibiotic Residues in Goat Milk
- Troubleshooting Milk Quality Problems - Step by step protocol
- Preventing Antibiotics in Your Milk
Milk Sampling and Testing
Regular sampling and testing is a routine part of the raw goat milk quality program. Sampling and testing of milk can also help you improve your milk quality.
- Regulating Sampling and Testing under the Raw Goat Milk Quality Program
- California Mastitis Test
- Somatic Cell Counting in Goat Milk
- Procedures for Using and Maintaining Dippers
- What to do if Milk is Rejected
Milking Equipment Maintenance
Milking equipment maintenance and cleaning prevents the growth of bacteria that can reduce your milk quality. In this section you will learn about some of the ins and outs of maintaining and cleaning milking equipment.
- Attention Dairy Goat Producers Using Bucket Milking Machines
- Goat Milk Cooling
- Heat Recovery from Milk Cooling Systems
- Keeping your Milking Equipment Clean
- Maintain Milk Quality by Decreasing Biofilm in the Pipeline
- Maintenance of Milking and Milk Handling Equipment
- Replacing Rubber Ware
- Troubleshooting Tips for Bulk Tank Washers
- Biofilms in Milking Systems
- Milking Equipment Maintenance
- Is your Parlour Clean Enough? Foam Cleaning Can Help
- Changing Bulk Tanks or Adding a Second Bulk Tank?
Goat Herd Health and Biosecurity
Creating and following a herd health plan will help you maintain individual animal health, good animal welfare, milk production and establish a relationship with a veterinarian. The information below will provide you with information on disease, herd health plans and animal welfare. Ontario Animal Health Network provides quarterly reports on disease trends in the small ruminant sector along with support material. For general information on animal health and welfare visit the Animal Health and Welfare Branch.
- Do You Have a Herd Health Plan for Your Dairy Farm?
- Health Management and Biosecurity
- Metabolic & Nutritional Diseases of Goats
- Lowering Stress in Transported Goats
- Livestock Disease Control and Prevention
- Contagious Ecthyma - Commonly Known as Orf
- Caseous Lymphadenitis in Sheep and Goats
- Hoof Trimming 101
- Impact of Stage of Production, Nutrition and Cold Weather on Body Condition
- Things to Consider Before Sending a Goat to Slaughter
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Agriculture
The On-Farm Euthanasia of Sheep and Goats web page provides information on how to humanely kill goats on your farm when necessary.
Ontario Goat has numerous resources available on their website, including:
- On-Farm Welfare Producer Education Package
- Best Management Practices Manual for Commercial Goat Production
- Goat Reproduction Manual
- Assessing Goat Kid Health
- Hypothermia Poster
- Kidding Due Date Calculation Chart
- Every Kid Counts: Tips for Getting Your Goat Kids Off to a Healthy Start
- Scrapie FAQ
- Genetic Testing for Scrapie Resistance and Susceptibility
- Prevent early lactation health problems with this post-kidding checklist
- Make Disbudding less painful for everyone
- Practical Goat Husbandry: Restraining and Weighing Goats
- Do You Have a Water Contingency Plan?
- Movement and Isolation Checklist
- Livestock Purchasing Guide
- On-Farm Cost of Disease Calculator
- Is This Goat Fit to Ship?
- Management Practices for Raising Dairy Buck Kids for Meat
- Summary of Success from the Start: Management Practices for Raising Dairy Buck Kids for Meat
- Extra Lable Drug Use (ELDU) Fact Sheet
Visit the Ontario Goat website to see all of the resources they have available.
Other external resources
- Dairy Goat Udder Health Manual (download)
- Johne's Disease Information Center
- Johne's Disease Q&A for Goat Farmers
- National Farm-Level Biosecurity Standard for the Goat Industry
- Biosecurity Planning Guide for Canadian Goat Producers
- Code of Practice for the Care and Handling of Goats
- Code of Practice for the Care and Handling of Farm Animals Transportation
- On-Farm Food Safety
- Should This Animal be Loaded? Guidelines for Transporting Cattle, Sheep & Goats
- Body Condition Scoring
For more information:
Toll Free: 1-877-424-1300
E-mail: ag.info.omafra@ontario.ca